Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cannula placements. A, Figure 1D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles: GluA23Y). B, Figure 2A–C (white circles: Ctrl; black circles: G2CT). C, Figure 2D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles: GluA23Y). D, Figure 3A–C (white circles: PI; black circles: RI). E, Figure 3D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y). F, Figure 4D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y). G, Figure 5D–F (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y). H, Figure 6A–C (white circles: Ctrl; black circles GluA23Y).

Article Snippet: The peptides G2CT and inactive control G2CT variant were purchased from AnaSpec.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interfering with AP2-dependent GluA2/AMPAR removal and delayed onset of GluA23Y infusions prevent forgetting of long-term object location memories. A–C, Inhibiting AP2-dependent synaptic removal of GluA2/AMPARs prevents forgetting (see Fig. 8B for cannula placements). A, Animals were trained as before (Fig. 1D), but instead of GluA23Y, the peptide G2CT (n = 7, inactive control peptide, Ctrl, n = 7) was infused to interfere with the binding of AP2 to GluA2 to attenuate activity-dependent synaptic removal of GluA2/AMPARs. B, Only animals infused with G2CT preferred exploring the object at the new location, expressing significantly stronger novelty preference than the animals infused with the inactive control peptide (Ctrl). C, There were no group differences in exploratory activity. D–F, Infusing GluA23Y can prolong remote memories shortly before they would be naturally forgotten (see Fig. 8C for cannula placements). D, Seven days after the last training session (i.e., on day 8 after training), shortly before rats normally would forget the location memory (see Fig. 1A–C), animals received GluA23Y infusions into the dorsal hippocampus twice daily for 6 d. Twenty-four hours after the last infusion (or 14 d after the end of training), memory for object location was assessed by moving one of the objects to a novel location. E, Animals infused with GluA23Y (n = 7) preferred to explore the object at the new location, whereas animals that had received the inactive control variant (Ctrl, n = 6) explored both objects for an equal amount of time. The group difference was significant. F, Exploratory activity was the same for both groups.

Article Snippet: The peptides G2CT and inactive control G2CT variant were purchased from AnaSpec.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Expressing, Variant Assay

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exploratory behavior during training sessions

Article Snippet: The peptides G2CT and inactive control G2CT variant were purchased from AnaSpec.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 interacts with and negatively regulates Wnt/?-catenin signaling through GSK3? pathway

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn239

Figure Lengend Snippet: Loss of JNK1 promoted β-catenin protein expression and β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity of TCF. (A) β-Catenin protein expression was upregulated in JNK1−/− MEFs. Both MEFs were lysed and subjected to immunoblotting analysis detecting the expression of β-catenin and JNK1. β-Actin was used as loading control. (B) β-Catenin–TCF4 reporter activity was upregulated in JNK1−/− MEFs. JNK1+/+ and JNK1−/− MEFs were cotransfected with Renilla and a construct of TOPFLASH or FOPFLASH. Twenty-four hours after transfection, cells were treated with Wnt3a condition medium of 1:4 dilution for 24 h and harvested for luciferase activity assay.

Article Snippet: TCF-4 reporter plasmid TOPFLASH and the control inactive reporter FOPFLASH were from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY).

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Western Blot, Construct, Transfection, Luciferase

Journal:

Article Title: c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 interacts with and negatively regulates Wnt/?-catenin signaling through GSK3? pathway

doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgn239

Figure Lengend Snippet: Active JNK1 downregulated β-catenin expression and inhibited its transcriptional activity. (A) Active JNK1 reduced β-catenin protein level in HEK cell line HEK293T. HEK293T cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3-Flag-MKK7-JNK1 and pcDNA3-HA-β-catenin. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were harvested for immunoblotting analysis to detect the alterations of HA-β-catenin, p-JNK and p-c-Jun. β-Actin served as loading control. The density of band was quantified and the expression of β-catenin was normalized to β-actin. (B) Active JNK1 inhibited β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity of TCF4. HEK293T cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3-Flag-MKK7-JNK1, pcDNA3-HA-β-catenin, TOPFLASH or FOPFLASH and a Renilla construct. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were harvested for luciferase activity assay. Each bar represents the mean ± SD for triplicate samples. Similar experiments were done in human colon cancer cell line SW480 (C and D). (E) Activated exogenous JNK1 reduced β-catenin protein level in a dose-dependent manner. HEK293T cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3-HA-β-catenin and different amounts of pcDNA3-Flag-MKK7-JNK1, as indicated. The protein was obtained for immunoblotting analysis to detect the alterations of HA-β-catenin and p-JNK. β-Actin served as loading control. (F) Activated exogenous JNK1 inhibited β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity of TCF in a dose-dependent manner. HEK293T cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3-HA-β-catenin, TOPFLASH, Renilla, along with different amounts of pcDNA3-Flag-MKK7-JNK1, as indicated. Forty-eight hours after transfection, cells were harvested for luciferase activity assay. Each bar represents the mean ± SD for triplicate samples.

Article Snippet: TCF-4 reporter plasmid TOPFLASH and the control inactive reporter FOPFLASH were from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY).

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Transfection, Western Blot, Construct, Luciferase